Dividend Yield
Dividend Yield
The annual dividend income expressed as a percentage of the current stock price, calculated as (Annual Dividend per Share ÷ Current Stock Price) × 100. A 5% dividend yield means an investor receives $5 annually for every $100 invested. Higher yields may indicate value or increased risk from price declines.
A stock trading at $50 per share pays $2.50 in annual dividends, resulting in a 5% dividend yield ($2.50 ÷ $50 = 0.05 or 5%). If the stock price falls to $40, the yield rises to 6.25% ($2.50 ÷ $40), even though the dollar dividend remains unchanged.
Students often confuse high dividend yield with guaranteed safety or strong company performance. A rising yield from a falling stock price may signal financial distress, not value. Dividend yield measures only income return, not total return (which includes price appreciation).
How This Is Tested
- Calculating dividend yield given annual dividend per share and current stock price
- Understanding the inverse relationship between stock price and dividend yield
- Distinguishing dividend yield from total return and capital gains
- Evaluating whether high dividend yields indicate value opportunities or financial risk
- Comparing dividend yields across different securities for income-oriented portfolios
Regulatory Limits
| Description | Limit | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Dividend Yield Formula | (Annual Dividend per Share ÷ Current Stock Price) × 100 | Expressed as a percentage; inverse relationship with price |
Example Exam Questions
Test your understanding with these practice questions. Select an answer to see the explanation.
Margaret, a 68-year-old retired client, is seeking income-generating investments for her portfolio. She is comparing two utility stocks: Stock A trades at $40 per share and pays $2.00 annually in dividends, while Stock B trades at $80 per share and pays $3.20 annually in dividends. Both companies have stable earnings histories. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate for her investment adviser to provide?
A is correct. Stock A has a dividend yield of 5.0% ($2.00 ÷ $40), while Stock B has a yield of 4.0% ($3.20 ÷ $80). For an income-oriented investor like Margaret, dividend yield is a key metric because it shows the percentage return from dividends relative to the investment amount. With the same dollar invested, Stock A generates more income.
B is incorrect because the absolute dollar amount of the dividend is less relevant than the yield (percentage return on investment). While Stock B pays $3.20 versus $2.00, it requires a $80 investment versus $40. C is incorrect because both stocks being in the utility sector does not mean they provide identical income benefits—their yields differ. D is incorrect because lower stock prices do not always result in higher yields; yield depends on both price AND dividend amount.
The Series 65 exam tests your ability to calculate and compare dividend yields for income-focused client scenarios. Understanding that yield (percentage) is more relevant than absolute dividend dollars is critical for making appropriate suitability recommendations to retirees and income investors.
Dividend yield is calculated using which of the following formulas?
B is correct. Dividend yield is calculated as (Annual Dividend per Share ÷ Current Stock Price) × 100. This formula expresses dividend income as a percentage of the stock price, allowing investors to compare income generation across different securities.
A reverses the formula, which would give an incorrect measure. C describes the dividend payout ratio, not dividend yield—it shows what percentage of earnings is paid as dividends. D calculates a total yield measure for the entire company rather than the per-share metric used by investors evaluating individual stock positions.
The Series 65 exam frequently tests knowledge of fundamental analysis formulas. Understanding the dividend yield formula and distinguishing it from similar metrics like dividend payout ratio and earnings yield is essential for answering calculation and conceptual questions.
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Access Free BetaA stock is currently trading at $75 per share and pays an annual dividend of $3.75 per share. What is the dividend yield of this stock?
C is correct. Calculate: Dividend Yield = ($3.75 ÷ $75) × 100 = 0.05 × 100 = 5.0%. This means an investor receives $5 in annual dividend income for every $100 invested in this stock.
A (3.0%) would result from dividing $3.00 by $75 (incorrect dividend amount) or from a calculation error. B (4.0%) would result from dividing $3.75 by $93.75 (incorrect stock price). D (6.0%) would result from dividing $3.75 by $62.50 (incorrect stock price) or reversing the calculation ($75 ÷ $3.75 = 20, then dividing by some factor).
Dividend yield calculations are common on the Series 65 exam. Understanding the straightforward two-step process (divide dividend by price, then convert to percentage) is essential. This metric helps advisers evaluate income-generating potential for client portfolios, particularly for retirees or income-focused investors.
All of the following statements about dividend yield are accurate EXCEPT
C is correct (the EXCEPT answer). A high dividend yield does NOT always indicate financial strength or growth prospects. High yields often result from falling stock prices, which may signal financial distress, declining business prospects, or market concerns about dividend sustainability. This is a critical misconception that can lead to poor investment decisions.
A is accurate: Dividend yield is calculated as (Annual Dividend ÷ Stock Price) × 100, expressing income as a percentage of investment. B is accurate: When dividends remain constant, falling stock prices cause yields to rise, and rising stock prices cause yields to fall—an inverse relationship. D is accurate: Dividend yield only captures income return from dividends; total return also includes capital gains or losses from price changes.
The Series 65 exam tests your ability to identify misconceptions about dividend yield. Understanding that high yields can signal either value opportunities OR financial risk is critical for making appropriate recommendations. Advisers must analyze why a yield is high (sustainable dividend or falling price) before recommending securities to clients.
A stock trading at $60 per share pays an annual dividend of $3.00. Over the next year, the stock price falls to $50 but the company maintains the same $3.00 annual dividend. Which of the following statements are accurate?
1. The dividend yield increased from 5.0% to 6.0%
2. The investor received a positive total return for the year
3. The higher dividend yield indicates improved company fundamentals
4. The dividend yield rose due to the stock price decline
A is correct. Only statements 1 and 4 are accurate.
Statement 1 is TRUE: The initial dividend yield was $3.00 ÷ $60 = 5.0%. After the price decline, the yield became $3.00 ÷ $50 = 6.0%.
Statement 2 is FALSE: The investor had a negative total return. Total return includes both income and capital gains/losses. Income: +$3.00. Capital loss: -$10.00 ($50 - $60). Total return: -$7.00 or -11.7% [(-$7 ÷ $60) × 100].
Statement 3 is FALSE: A higher yield from a falling stock price does NOT indicate improved fundamentals. The dividend remained unchanged while the stock price fell, which typically signals market concerns about the company—not improvement.
Statement 4 is TRUE: The yield increase was caused entirely by the stock price falling from $60 to $50, demonstrating the inverse relationship between price and yield when dividends are constant.
The Series 65 exam tests your understanding of the inverse relationship between stock price and dividend yield, and the distinction between dividend yield and total return. This is critical for evaluating whether a high-yielding stock represents a value opportunity or a warning sign of financial distress. Advisers must understand that yield alone does not tell the complete investment story.
💡 Memory Aid
Think of dividend yield as your "rent check from stock ownership": The yield tells you what percentage rent (dividend) you collect annually based on the property price (stock price). Remember: Yield moves OPPOSITE to price—if the stock price drops but dividends stay the same, your yield percentage goes UP (but that's not always good news!).
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