Uniform Securities Act (USA)
Uniform Securities Act (USA)
Model state securities law created by NASAA that provides the framework for state securities regulation. Covers registration of investment advisers with less than $100M AUM, broker-dealers, and securities offerings at the state level. Coordinates with federal law through provisions for federal-covered advisers, notice filing, and the de minimis exemption (fewer than 6 clients in a state). Grants state administrators authority to investigate violations, issue orders, and enforce anti-fraud provisions.
Under the Uniform Securities Act, an investment adviser managing $75 million must register with each state where it conducts business. However, if the adviser has no office in a state and fewer than 6 clients there over 12 months, it qualifies for the de minimis exemption and does not need to register in that state.
The USA is state law, not federal law. It differs from the Securities Act of 1933 (federal new issues), Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (federal markets/SEC), and Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (federal adviser regulation). States enforce the USA; the SEC enforces federal laws. Federal-covered advisers (SEC-registered) do notice filing under the USA, not full registration.
How This Is Tested
- Distinguishing between state jurisdiction (USA) and federal jurisdiction (SEC laws) for investment advisers
- Applying the de minimis exemption (fewer than 6 clients, no office in state) to determine registration requirements
- Understanding that federal-covered advisers file notice (not register) with states under the USA
- Recognizing state administrator powers including investigation, cease and desist orders, and denial/suspension
- Identifying registration exemptions for securities (federal-covered securities) and advisers under the USA
Regulatory Limits
| Description | Limit | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| State registration threshold for investment advisers | Less than $100 million AUM | Advisers below this threshold register under the USA with state securities regulators |
| De minimis exemption (client count) | Fewer than 6 clients in 12 months | No state registration required if adviser has no office in state and fewer than 6 clients there |
| Notice filing for federal-covered advisers | SEC-registered advisers with place of business in state | Must file notice with state administrator, pay fees; exempt from full registration |
| State administrator authority (USA) | Investigation, subpoena, cease and desist powers | Can deny/suspend/revoke registration, issue orders, enforce anti-fraud provisions |
Example Exam Questions
Test your understanding with these practice questions. Select an answer to see the explanation.
Rebecca operates an investment advisory firm registered in California with $65 million in AUM. She has 4 individual clients in Nevada, all of whom she met at an investment conference in Las Vegas. Rebecca has no office in Nevada and communicates with these clients remotely. A Nevada client asks if Rebecca is registered with the Nevada securities administrator. Which statement is most accurate?
B is correct. Under the Uniform Securities Act's de minimis exemption, an investment adviser is exempt from registration in a state if the adviser (1) has no place of business in the state and (2) has fewer than 6 clients in that state during the preceding 12 months. Rebecca meets both requirements: she has no Nevada office and only 4 Nevada clients.
A is incorrect because simply having clients in a state does not automatically trigger registration if the de minimis exemption applies. C is incorrect because notice filing applies to federal-covered advisers (SEC-registered with $100M+ AUM), not state-registered advisers like Rebecca with $65M AUM. D is incorrect because there is no automatic reciprocity between states for investment adviser registration. advisers must qualify for exemptions or register in each state separately.
The Series 65 exam frequently tests the de minimis exemption as it determines when state-registered advisers can serve out-of-state clients without additional registrations. Understanding the two-part test (no office + fewer than 6 clients) is critical for multi-state compliance and minimizing regulatory burden for smaller advisory firms.
Which securities law provides the framework for state regulation of investment advisers with less than $100 million in AUM?
D is correct. The Uniform Securities Act (USA) is the model state law created by NASAA that provides the framework for state securities regulation, including registration and oversight of investment advisers with less than $100 million AUM. Individual states adopt and adapt the USA to regulate advisers, broker-dealers, and securities within their jurisdictions.
A (Securities Act of 1933) is a federal law that regulates new securities offerings and requires registration statements. it does not govern state regulation of investment advisers. B (Securities Exchange Act of 1934) is a federal law that created the SEC and regulates secondary market trading and broker-dealers. C (Investment Advisers Act of 1940) is a federal law that regulates SEC-registered investment advisers with $100M+ AUM, not state-registered advisers.
The Series 65 exam tests your ability to distinguish between federal securities laws (1933 Act, 1934 Act, Advisers Act) and state securities law (USA). This jurisdictional knowledge is fundamental to understanding regulatory authority and compliance obligations for investment adviser representatives working with smaller advisory firms.
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Access Free BetaAnderson Advisory is registered in Texas with $80 million in AUM. Over the past 12 months, the firm advised 3 individual clients in Arizona, 2 small business retirement plans in Arizona (each plan covering 12 employees), and attended 1 seminar in Arizona where they met prospective clients but provided no advice. Anderson has no office in Arizona. How many clients does Anderson have in Arizona for purposes of the de minimis exemption?
B is correct. Calculate: 3 individual clients + 2 retirement plans = 5 clients. Under the Uniform Securities Act, retirement plans are counted as a single client (the plan itself), NOT the individual participants. Seminar attendance without providing advice does not create a client relationship.
A (3 clients) incorrectly excludes the 2 retirement plans. C (27 clients) incorrectly counts the 24 plan participants (12 employees Γ 2 plans) plus the 3 individuals, but the USA counts each plan as 1 client regardless of participant count. D (28 clients) incorrectly includes seminar attendees who received no advisory services. With 5 Arizona clients and no office in the state, Anderson qualifies for the de minimis exemption (fewer than 6 clients) and is NOT required to register in Arizona.
The Series 65 exam tests proper client counting for the de minimis exemption. Understanding that retirement plans count as single clients (not by participant count) and that prospective contacts without advisory services are not clients is essential for determining multi-state registration requirements under the USA.
All of the following are provisions or characteristics of the Uniform Securities Act EXCEPT
C is correct (the EXCEPT answer). The Uniform Securities Act does NOT grant the SEC any authority. The USA is a model state law adopted by individual states to regulate securities activities within their borders. The SEC derives its authority from federal laws (Securities Act of 1933, Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Investment Advisers Act of 1940), not from the USA.
A is accurate: The USA requires investment advisers with less than $100M AUM to register with state securities regulators in each state where they conduct business (subject to exemptions). B is accurate: The USA provides the de minimis exemption, which exempts advisers from state registration if they have no office in the state and fewer than 6 clients there over 12 months. D is accurate: The USA grants state securities administrators broad enforcement powers including investigation, subpoena authority, cease and desist orders, and the ability to deny or revoke registrations.
The Series 65 exam tests your understanding of the division between state authority (Uniform Securities Act) and federal authority (SEC laws). Recognizing that the USA governs state regulation while federal laws govern SEC authority is fundamental to understanding the dual regulatory framework for investment advisers.
Madison Capital is an SEC-registered investment adviser with $150 million in AUM. The firm has offices in Illinois and Indiana and provides advisory services to 25 clients in Wisconsin. Which of the following statements about Madison's obligations under the Uniform Securities Act are accurate?
1. Madison must file notice filings in Illinois and Indiana because it has offices there
2. Madison must file a notice filing in Wisconsin if it meets the state's client threshold
3. Madison is completely exempt from all state securities regulations as a federal-covered adviser
4. State administrators in all three states retain anti-fraud enforcement authority over Madison
B is correct. Statements 1, 2, and 4 are accurate.
Statement 1 is TRUE: Under the Uniform Securities Act, federal-covered advisers (SEC-registered) must file notice filings with state securities administrators in each state where they maintain a place of business. Madison has offices in Illinois and Indiana, so notice filing is required in both states.
Statement 2 is TRUE: Federal-covered advisers may also be required to file notice in states where they have no office but exceed the state's client threshold (typically 5 or more clients). With 25 Wisconsin clients, Madison would need to file notice in Wisconsin if the state requires it.
Statement 3 is FALSE: While federal-covered advisers are exempt from state registration requirements under the USA, they are NOT exempt from all state regulations. States retain anti-fraud enforcement authority and can prosecute fraudulent conduct.
Statement 4 is TRUE: The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 (which established the federal-covered adviser framework) preserved state anti-fraud authority. State administrators in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin can all investigate and prosecute Madison for fraudulent activities, even though Madison is SEC-registered.
The Series 65 exam extensively tests the notice filing framework for federal-covered advisers under the Uniform Securities Act. Understanding that SEC registration exempts advisers from state registration (but not notice filing or anti-fraud enforcement) is critical for explaining the "dual jurisdiction" regulatory structure where both SEC and states have defined but limited authority over larger advisory firms.
π‘ Memory Aid
Think "USA = Under State Authority" for smaller advisers. Picture NASAA writing a model law (template) that each state customizes and enforces locally, like states adapting a common building code. If you manage under $100M, you register with STATE regulators under this act. Federal-covered advisers? They just file notice with statesβlike checking in at the border but not needing a local driver's license.
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Where This Appears on the Exam
This term is tested in the following Series 65 exam topics:
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Practice Questions βRegulation of Securities and Issuers
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Practice Questions β